Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)—inozivikanwa zvikuru sePDADMAC or PolyDADMAC—ipolymer inoshanda zvikuru yecationic inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchenesa mvura yemumaguta nemaindasitiri. Senzira yekubatanidza mvura ine simba guru, inoita basa rakakosha mukubvisa turbidity, kubvisa matope, kubvisa mavara, uye kupatsanurana kwemvura yakasimba.
Zvisinei, pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchenesa mvura dzinoita zvikanganiso zvisingadzivisike pakusarudza, kuisa dosing, uye kushandisa PDADMAC. Zvikanganiso izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekushanda kwe flocculation, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwetsvina, marara emakemikari, njodzi dzekutevedzera mitemo, uye mari yekushandisa isingakoshi.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora:
- Zvikanganiso zvinowanzo shandiswa nePDADMAC
- Zvikonzero zvehunyanzvi zviri kukonzera matambudziko ekushanda zvakanaka
- Maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu anoshanda
- Mazano enyanzvi ehurongwa hwemakanzuru nemaindasitiri
Gwaro iri rakanyorwa kuti ritsigire vatariri vemafekitori, mainjiniya ekuchenesa mvura, uye nyanzvi dzekutenga makemikari vanoda kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwezvirongwa zvavo zvekugadzira maflocculant.
Sei PDADMAC Yakakosha?
PDADMAC ihomopolymer yecationic inogadzirwa kubva ku diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers. Inoshanda zvikuru kuburikidza ne:
- Kuderedza kubhadharisa
- Kusagadzikana kwezvikamu
- Kuvhara kutenderera kwemvura
Hunhu hwayo hukuru hunosanganisira:
- Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwe cationic charging
- Kunyungudika kwakanaka mumvura
- Kugadzikana kune pH yakakura
- Kuenderana ne inorganic coagulants senge PAC ne alum
Inowanzoshandiswa mu:
- Kurapa mvura yekunwa yemuguta
- Kurapa mvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri
- Kuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumichina yemapepa
- Kubvisa ruvara rwemvura yetsvina mumachira
- Kukora kwetsvina uye kubvisa mvura
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvayo, kushandiswa kwayo zvisina kunaka kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mashandiro ayo.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #1: Chipimo Chisiri Chakarurama (Kunyanya Kuwedzerwa Dose kana Kuderedza Dose)
Chikonzero Nei Zvichiitika
Vashandi vazhinji vanovimba nemitengo yakatarwa pachinzvimbo chekuita bvunzo dzemajarini nguva dzose.Hunhu hwemvura hunochinja-chinja zuva nezuva nekuda kwe:
- Kuchinja kwekushanduka kwemhepo
- Kusiyana kwemwaka
- Kuchinja-chinja kwezvinobudiswa mumaindasitiri
- Zviitiko zvemvura
Migumisiro yeKusashandisa Dose Yakakwana
- Kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwefloc
- Mvura yakasviba zvakanyanya mumvura yakarapwa
- Kuwedzera mutoro pakusefa kwemvura
Migumisiro yeKushandisa Mishonga Yakawandisa
- Kugadziriswazve kwezvikamu
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwetsvina
- Mitengo yemakemikari yakakwira
- Matambudziko epolymer akasara
Maitiro Akanakisisa
- Ita bvunzo dzezvirongo dzenguva dzose
- Gadzirisai mushonga zvichienderana nekuoma kwemvura uye kugona kwe zeta
- Monitor sludge volume index (SVI)
Kugadzirisa mwero wemushonga kunogona kuderedza mitengo yemakemikari ne10–25% mumasisitimu akawanda.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #2: Kusateerera Kusarudzwa Kwehuremu HweMolecular
Hazvisi zvese zvigadzirwa zvePDADMAC zvakafanana. Kusiyana kwemamorekuru kunokanganisa mashandiro.
Huremu Hwakaderera hweMamorekuru
- Kukurumidza kubhadharisa
- Yakakodzera mvura isina madhaka akawanda
Kurema Kwakakwirira Kwemamorekuru
- Kugona kuri nani kwekubatanidza
- Yakakodzera mvura yakasviba ine simba rakareba
Kushandisa uremu husina kunaka hwemamorekuru kunowanzoguma ne:
- Matanda asina simba
- Kugadzikana kusina kunaka
- Dongo rakawandisa
- Maitiro Akanakisisa
Shanda nemutengesi wePDADMAC akavimbika kuti aenderane:
- Hunhu hwemvura
- Mazinga ekuvhuvhuta
- Zvemukati zveorganic
- Zvinangwa zvekurapa
Kuongororwa kwemurabhoritari kwakakosha usati watanga kushandisa mushonga wacho zvizere.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #3: Mamiriro Asina Kunaka Ekusanganisa
Kushanda kwePDADMAC kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekusanganiswa kwakakodzera.
Kusanganisa Kusina Kukwana
- Kugoverwa kwepolymer kusina kuenzana
- Kusakwana kwekubhadharisa mari
- Kuwedzerwa kwemushonga munzvimbo imwe chete
Kusanganisa Zvakawandisa
- Kuchekwa kwemapuranga akaumbwa
- Saizi yefloc yakaderera
- Kushanda zvisina kunaka kwekugadzirisa
Nzira Yakanakisisa Yokusanganisa
- Kusanganisa nekukurumidza kwekupararira kwekutanga (masekondi)
- Kusanganisa zvinyoro nyoro (maminitsi)
- Dzivisa mapombi anocheka zvakanyanya mushure mekuumbwa kwefloc
Dhizaini yemakanika uye nguva yekuchengetedza hydraulic inofanira kutsigira kukura kwefloc.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #4: Kusanganiswa Kusingaenderane Nemamwe Makemikari
PDADMAC inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete ne:
- Polyaluminum chloride (PAC)
- Alum
- Polyacrylamide (PAM)
Kusatevedzana kwedosi zvisiri izvo kunogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka.
Muenzaniso weKurongeka Kusina Kururama
Kuwedzera PDADMAC mushure mekunge flocculation yatoitika kunogona kutyora flocs pachinzvimbo chekudzisimbisa.
Kutevedzana Kwemushonga Unokurudzirwa
- Inorganic coagulant (PAC kana alum)
- PDADMAC yekusagadzirisa mhosva
- PAM (kana zvichidikanwa) yekubatanidza
Kutevedzana kwakakodzera kunovandudza kubviswa kwetsvina uye kusimba kwetsvina.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #5: Kusagadzirisa pH neTembiricha
Kunyange hazvo PDADMAC ichishanda pamhando dzakasiyana dze pH, mashandiro ayo anosiyana.
Mamiriro e pH yakaderera
- Kugadziriswa kwekuchaja kwakawedzerwa
- Kugadzirwa kwefloc nekukurumidza
Mamiriro Epamusoro E pH
- Kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kweropa
- Kuwedzera kwekuda kwemakemikari
Kupisa kunokanganisawo:
- Kinetics yekuita
- Kumhanya kwekugadzirisa
- Kusviba
Maitiro Akanakisisa
- Tarisa pH nguva nenguva
- Gadzirisa chiyero che coagulant munguva yechando
- Wedzera nguva yekuchengeta zvinhu munguva dzechando
Kugadzirisa mwaka kwakakosha kuti mashandiro agare akasimba.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #6: Kusachengeta uye Kubata Zvisina Kunaka
PDADMAC ipolymer yemvura. Kusachengetedza zvakanaka kunogona kuderedza kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Pakuchengetedza
- Kuratidzwa nezuva zvakananga
- Kutonhora kwechando
- Kusvibiswa kubva mumatangi akasviba
Matambudziko aya anogona kukonzera:
- Kuderedzwa kwemabasa
- Kuwedzera kwe viscosity
- Kuderedzwa kwenguva yesherufu
Mazano Ekuchengetedza
- Chengeta pa5–30°C
- Shandisa matangi anodzivirira ngura
- Dzivisa kugara munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya kwenguva refu
- Chengetedza nzira dzekushandisa dosing dzakachena
Kudzikira kwehunhu kunotungamira pakushanda kwekurapa kusingaenderane.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #7: Kuregeredza Kukanganiswa Kwekugadziriswa Kwetsvina
PDADMAC inokanganisa zvakanyanya hunhu hwetsvina.
Kusatora mushonga zvakanaka kunogona kukonzera:
- Kugadzirwa kwetsvina yakawandisa
- Kushanda zvisina kunaka kwekubvisa mvura
- Mari yekurasa zvinhu yakawedzera
Kugadziriswa kwedosi kwakagadziridzwa kunogona:
- Deredza huwandu hwetsvina
- Kuvandudza kuoma kwekeke
- Mari shoma yekufambisa
Kutarisira tsvina kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvako pakusarudza zvinhu zvinosanganisa mvura.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #8: Kusave Nekutarisirwa Kwenguva Dzose Kwekushanda
Mafekitori mazhinji anokundikana kushandisa manejimendi emakemikari anotungamirirwa nedata.
Zviratidzo Zvakakosha Zvekutarisa
- Turbidity (NTU)
- Kubviswa kweCOD
- Zvingangoitika zveZeta
- Chiratidzo chevhoriyamu yetsvina
- Kushandiswa kwePolymer pa m³
Pasina kutevera ma parameter aya, kugadzirisa zvinhu kunova kufungidzira.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #9: Kusarudza Zvakavakirwa Pamutengo Chete
Zvigadzirwa zvinodhura zvishoma zvinogona kunge zvine:
- Density yekuchaja yakaderera
- Kurema kwemamorekuru kusingaenderane
- Kusiyana kwemhando
PDADMAC yemhando yepamusoro zvishoma inogona kuderedza mutengo wezvose nekuda kwe:
- Chinodiwa chemushonga wakaderera
- Kusimba kwetsvina kwakagadziridzwa
- Kuderedzwa kwenguva yekusashanda kwesystem
Mari yose yekurapa inokosha kupfuura mutengo weyuniti.
Chikanganiso Chakajairika #10: Kusvetuka Kuedzwa Kwemutyairi Usati Washandisa Zvikuru
Tsime rega rega remvura yakasviba rakasiyana.
Mvura yakasviba yemumaindasitiri inosiyana zvikuru pakati pe:
- Mafekitori emachira
- Zvigayo zvemapepa
- Mafekitori ekugadzira chikafu
- Mabasa emigodhi
- Kuedzwa kwemutyairi wendege kunovimbisa:
- Sarudzo chaiyo yechigadzirwa
- Mhando chaiyo yemuyero
- Kusimbiswa kwekuenderana
Kudarika danho iri kunowedzera njodzi yekushanda.
Maitiro Ekuvandudza Mashandiro ePDADMAC Mukurapa Mvura
Danho rekutanga:
Ongororo Yakazara Yemvura
Ongorora:
- Kusviba
- COD/BOD
- Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa
- pH
- Tembiricha
- Kufambisa kwemhepo
Danho rechipiri:
Kuedza Chirongo ChemuLabhoritari
Tevedzera:
- Mazinga akasiyana emuyero
- Huremu hwakasiyana hwemamorekuru
- Mhando dzakasiyana dzedosing
Danho rechitatu:
Shandisa Miedzo Yemumunda Yakadzorwa
Tanga nekushandisa mushonga unochengetedza uye utarise:
- Nguva yekugadzirisa
- Hunhu hwetsvina
- mutoro wefirita
Danho rechina:
Gadzira Maitiro Akajairika Ekushanda
Gwaro:
- Mwero wekuyerwa kwedoro
- Kusanganisa simba
- Kugadziriswa kwemwaka
Kugara kwakarongeka kunoita kuti kurapwa kushande zvakanaka.
PDADMAC muMasipari vs Mashandisirwo eIndasitiri
Kurapa Mvura Yekunwa yeManispa
Nzvimbo dzekutarisa:
- Kutonhora kwakaderera
- Kutevedzera mitemo
- Zvishoma zvakasara
Zvikanganiso zvinowanzosanganisira kunwa mishonga yakawandisa uye kusasanganisa zvakanaka.
Kurapa Mvura Yakasviba Yemaindasitiri
Nzvimbo dzekutarisa:
- COD Yakakwira
- Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa zvakanyanya
- Kuumbwa kwakasiyana-siyana
Zvikanganiso zvinowanzosanganisira kusarudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvisirizvo uye kushaya bvunzo dzekutanga.
Kunwa mvura yakawanda kunogona kukonzera kugadzikana kwezvikamu (tsvina ine makore), kuwedzera huwandu hwetsvina, uye kuwedzera mitengo yemakemikari.
Ehe, asi mashandiro anogona kudzikira, uye kugadziriswa kwemuyero kunowanzo dikanwa.
Ehe. PDADMAC inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nePAC kuti iwedzere kuonda kweropa.
Ehe. Kurema kwemamorekuru kunokanganisa kugona kwekubatanidza zvinhu uye simba remafloc.
PDADMAC mushonga une simba uye unochinjika mukurapa mvura. Zvisinei, mashandiro ayo anoenderana zvakanyanya nekusarudza kwakakodzera, kugadzirisa dosage, kusanganisa kwakakodzera, uye kutarisa masisitimu.
Zvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika—kukanganisa kupihwa kwemishonga zvisirizvo, kusasanganisa zvakanaka, kusanganiswa kwemakemikari kusingaenderane, kuyedzwa kusina kukwana, uye kuchengetwa kusina kunaka—zvinogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwemishonga uye kuwedzera mari yekushandisa.
Nekushandisa bvunzo dzemurabhoritari, bvunzo dzekuedza, uye manejimendi emakemikari anotungamirwa nedata, nzvimbo dzekurapa mvura dzinogona:
- Kuvandudza kubviswa kwetsvina
- Deredza huwandu hwetsvina
- Mutengo wekurapa wakaderera
- Kuvandudza kugadzikana kwehurongwa
Kune nyanzvi dzekurapa mvura, kugadzirisa mashandisirwo ePDADMAC hakusi kungosarudza polymer chete—kungogadzira nzira yakakwana uye inoshanda yekuomesa.
Kana uchitsvaga nhungamiro yehunyanzvi kana mhinduro dzePDADMAC dzemhando yepamusoro dzekurapa mvura yemumaguta kana yemumaindasitiri, kushanda nemutengesi ane ruzivo anopa rutsigiro murabhoritari uye mazano akagadzirirwa iwe kwakakosha kuti basa ribudirire kwenguva refu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-03-2026
