Kucheneswa kwemvura yakasviba mumigodhi ndeimwe yenyaya dzakaoma zvikuru pakutarisira mvura mumaindasitiri.Polyacrylamide(PAM), semushonga wekuchenesa mvura unoshanda zvikuru, une basa rakakosha mukuchera mvura yakasviba. Zvisinei, hazvisi zvese zvigadzirwa zvePAM zvakakodzera kuchera mvura yakasviba. Kusarudza mhando chaiyo, huremu hwemamorekuru, huwandu hwechaji, uye nzira yekushandisa zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwekurapa, kushanda zvakanaka kwemari, uye kutevedzera mitemo yekuburitsa mvura yakasviba.
Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura nzira yekusarudza chigadzirwa chePAM chakakodzera chekuchenesa mvura yakasviba, nechinangwa chekubatsira mainjiniya, mapoka ekutenga, uye makambani emiti mukuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo.
Kunzwisisa Hunhu hweMvura Yakasviba yeMigodhi
Mvura yakasviba yemumigodhi inowanzova nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa, simbi dzinorema, zvidimbu zvidiki, uye masara emakemikari. Kunzwisisa hunhu hwemvura yakasviba yemumigodhi kwakakosha usati wasarudza PAM. Mabasa akasiyana emumigodhi anogadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzemvura yakasviba:
Mvura Yakasviba Inowanikwa Mumigodhi
- ▶ Kuchera nekuwachisa marasha
- ▶ Kuchera simbi (goridhe, mhangura, simbi, zinc)
- ▶ Kuchera ivhu kusingawanzoitiki
- ▶ Kuchera matombo uye kugadzirisa matombo ese
- ▶ Kusunungura zvinhu zvekusona
Zvinosvibisa Zvakajairika Mumvura Yakasviba Yemumigodhi
- ▶ Zvinhu zvakapfava zvakasungirirwa (ivhu, silica, silt)
- ▶ MaIoni esimbi ine simba (simbi, mhangura, lead, zinc, manganese)
- ▶ Kusviba kwakanyanya
- ▶ Mamiriro epH ane acidic kana alkaline
- ▶ Makorodhi echisikigo uye asina organic
Matambudziko muKucheneswa kweMarara eMigodhi
- ▶ Saizi yezvikamu zvakatetepa zvakanyanya (zvakaoma kugara zvakanaka)
- ▶ Kugadzikana kwakasimba kwechaji yepamusoro ye colloids
- ▶ Huru yetsvina yakawanda
- ▶ Kusiyana kwehunhu hwemvura muzvikamu zvekuchera
Nekuda kwezvinhu izvi, kushanda zvakanaka kwe flocculation kunova kwakakosha kuti kurapwa kubudirire, uye polyacrylamide (PAM) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekemikari huru.
Basa rePolyacrylamide muKurapa Mvura Yakasviba muMigodhi
Polyacrylamide (PAM) ipolymer inonyungudika mumvura inoshandiswa seflocculant. Inounganidza zvidimbu zvakasungirirwa kuita flocs hombe, nokudaro ichikurumidzisa sedimentation kana sefiltration.
- ✓ Kuparadzaniswa kwemvura yakasimba
- ✓ Kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwekugara
- ✓ Kuderedzwa kwemvura yakasviba
- ✓ Kubvisa mvura kubva mumarara
- ✓ Inoderedza kudiwa kweokisijeni yemakemikari (COD) mune dzimwe nguva
Mhando dzePolyacrylamide
PAM inowanzo kurongwa muzvikamu zvitatu:
Zvichienderana nehunhu hwemvura yakasviba, kushanda kwemhando imwe neimwe yekurapa kunosiyana.
Zvinhu Zvikuru Pakusarudza PAM MuMigodhi Mvura Yakasviba
Kusarudza PAM hakusi kusarudza kamwe chete. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nokungwarira.
Rudzi rwePAM (Sarudzo yeChaji)
Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchera mvura yakasviba nekuti zvidimbu zvakawanda zvemaminerari zvine chaji yakanaka—kana chaji isina kusimba—mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acid, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kunyungudika zvakanaka.
Zvakanakira:
- Marasha ekugeza mvura yakasviba
- Kucheneswa kwesimbi
- Kurapa kweMatako
- Mvura ine madhaka akawanda
Zvakanakira:
- Simba guru rekubatanidza
- Kugadzirwa kwefloc nekukurumidza
- Inochengetedza mari
Cationic polyacrylamide haiwanzo shandiswa mumvura yakasviba isina kugadziriswa, asi inoita basa guru mukugadzirisa tsvina.
Zvakanakira:
- Kubvisa mvura mumarara mumabasa ekuchera migodhi
- Mvura yakasviba ine zvidimbu zveorganic zvinopiswa zvisina kunaka
Zvakanakira:
- Kusasimba kwekuchaja
- Inoshanda pakurapa tsvina
Polyacrylamide isiri yeionic inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo apo kudyidzana kwemagetsi kushoma.
Zvakanakira:
- Mvura yakasviba isina kutonhora zvakanyanya
- Masisitimu ane munyu wakawanda
- Nzvimbo dzisina kwadzakarerekera dze pH
Kusarudzwa kweHuremu hweMolecular
Kurema kwemamorekuru kunosarudza kureba kwecheni yepolyacrylamide (PAM) uye kunokanganisa zvakananga saizi yemaflocs.
Huremu Hwakaderera hweMamorekuru
- Inonyunguduka nekukurumidza
- Kugona kugadzira floc kusina kusimba
- Kashoma kushandiswa pakuchera mvura yakasviba
- Kushanda kwakaringana
- Yakakodzera mvura ine hunyoro huri pakati nepakati
Kurema Kwakakwirira Kwemamorekuru
- Simba guru rekubatanidza
- Inoita matanda makuru, anokurumidza kugadzikana
- Yakakodzera kugadziriswa kwemvura yakasviba mumigodhi
Zvinokurudzirwa:
Pakuchera mvura yakasviba—nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvidimbu zvitete uye zvakagadzikana—polyacrylamide (PAM) ine huremu hwakawanda ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa.
Kuwanda kweChaji
Kuwanda kwechaji kunoreva huwandu hwechaji yeionic iripo pacheni yepolymer.
Kuwanda Kwechaja Yakaderera
- Yakakodzera mvura yakasviba zvishoma
- Kugona kusakwana kwekufambisa mvura
Kuwanda kweChaji yepakati
- Kushanda kwakaringana
- Yakakodzera mvura yakasviba yakasanganiswa
Kuwanda Kwechaji Yakakwira
- Kubatana kwakasimba kwe adsorption kune zvimedu
- Zvakakodzera kurapa mvura yakasviba inocherwa zvakanyanya
Zvinokurudzirwa pakuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumigodhi:
Kupisa Kwakanyanya → Kuwanda kweAnionic Polyacrylamide
Masisitimu Akasanganiswa → PAM Yekuchaja Kwepakati
pH Mamiriro Emvura
pH ine basa rakakosha mukushanda zvakanaka kwe flocculation.
- Mvura ine asidhi (pH < 6):CPAMor NPAM inoita zvakanaka.
- Mvura yakasviba isina kusimba (pH 6–8): Polacrylamide yeanionic neisina ionic inogona kushandiswa.
- Mvura yakasviba ine alkaline (pH > 8): Kusarudza nekungwarira kunodiwa; PAM yeanionic inowanzo shandiswa, uye kugadziridzwa kwemuyero kunodiwa.
Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwematombo, mvura yakasviba inocherwa mumigodhi inowanzova neacidic, zvichiita kuti anionic polyacrylamide ive sarudzo inonyanya kuwanikwa.
Kupararira kweZvidimbu Zvakasungirirwa Mumvura Yakasviba
Zvidimbu zvidiki zvinoita kuti kugadzikana kuve kwakaoma.
- Zvidimbu zvakakora: Polyacrylamide ine huremu hushoma inogona kukwana.
- Makorodhi akanaka: Anoda polyacrylamide ine huremu hwakawanda.
- Zvishandiso zvakanaka kwazvo: Zvinoda huwandu hwakawanda hwekuchaja + sisitimu yekugadzirisa dosing.
Hunhu hweMarara muMvura Yakasviba yeMugodhi
Kana PAM ichishandiswa kubvisa tsvina:
- Yakawanda organic sludge content: Cationic polyacrylamide ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa
- Tsvina yemineral isina kuchena: Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa
- Tsvina yakasanganiswa: Kuongororwa kwemurabhoritari kunodiwa
Kugadzirisa PAM Dosage
Kunyangwe PAM yakanakisisa ichakundikana kana mushonga wacho usina kururama.
Kusakwana kwemuyero:
- Kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwefloc
- Mvura yakawanda inodonha
Kunyanyisa chipimo chemushonga
- Kugadziriswazve kwezvikamu
- Mari yakawedzera
- Tsvina inonamira
Maitiro akanakisa:
Gara uchiyedza chirongo usati waisa chirongo chose.
Gwaro rekushandisa PAM mukurapa mvura yakasviba yemugodhi
Kushandiswa nemazvo kwakakosha sekusarudza chigadzirwa.
Kusarudza Kuparara
- Shandisa mvura yakachena (usashandise mvura yakaoma)
- Kuwanda kwehuwandu: 0.1%–0.5%
- Kurunga zvinyoro nyoro kwemaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu
- Dzivisa kukurunga nekukurumidza (kudzivirira kutyoka kwecheni yepolymer)
Kusarudzwa Kwenzvimbo Yekubaiwa Jekiseni
- Wedzera polyacrylamide (PAM) mushure me coagulants (semuenzaniso, polyaluminum chloride kana ferric salts).
- Iva nechokwadi chekukurunga zvakanaka usati waisa mvura.
Mamiriro Ekubatanidza
- Danho Rokukurumidza Rokusanganisa: Iva nechokwadi chekugoverwa kwakafanana
- Danho reKukura kweFlocculation: Mamiriro ekuchekerera akaderera anodiwa kuti floc ikure
Kusanganiswa kwePAC + PAM kunodiwa riini pakuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumigodhi?
Kugadzirisa PAM Dosage
Zvimiro:
- Kuwanda kwemafuta akaomeswa zvakanyanya
- Zvidimbu zvakawanda uye zvakanaka
- Ruvara rwakasvibira
Mienzaniso:
- Mvura yemugodhi
- Mvura yakasviba inobviswa netsvina
- Jecha nejecha zvinosanganiswa nemvura yakasviba
Pfungwa dzekurapa:
- PAC inotanga yadzvanya jira remagetsi maviri, zvichikanganisa kugadzikana.
- PAM inobva yaita bridgeging flocculation.
- Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ekushandiswa akajairika.
Huwandu Hwakawanda hweColloidal Particles
Hunhu:
- Saizi diki kwazvo yezvikamu (<1 μm)
- Inotakura chaji isina kunaka yakasimba
- Zvakaoma kugadzirisa zviri nyore
Mienzaniso:
- Mvura yakasviba inobva mumigodhi yevhu
- Mvura yakasviba kubva mukuwachisa zvinhu zvine concentrate
Nei PAC ichidiwa:
- Mari yakawedzera
- Kusapindirana nePAC kwakakosha kutanga
Hunhu hweMvura Hunochinja-chinja Zvikuru
Hunhu:
- Kusiyana kukuru kwe pH uye turbidity
- Zviri mukati mezvinhu zvakasimba zvisingagadzikane
Mienzaniso:
- Kuyerera kwemvura kwakasiyana-siyana kubva mumaminerari akasiyana-siyana
- Mvura yakasviba inogadzirwa nguva nenguva
Zvikonzero zvekushandiswa pamwe chete:
- PAC inopa "kugadzikana kwakakosha"
- PAM inogadzirisa chimiro chefloc
Chinodiwa Chekugadzirisa Nekukurumidza
Mienzaniso:
- Chinokora miswe
- Chinojekesa chinomhanya zvakanyanya
Zvakanakira Kushandisa Pamwe Chete:
- PAC inogadzira ma micro-flocs
- PAM inogadzira macro-flocs
- Kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kwavandudzika zvakanyanya
Zvinodiwa Kuti Ushandisezve Mvura Iri Pasi
Zvinodiwa:
- Kudzika kwemvura
- Zvinhu zvakadzika zvakamiswa (SS)
Mienzaniso:
- Masisitimu emvura akadzokororwa mumaindasitiri
- Masisitimu emvura anotenderera ekuwachisa zvicherwa
Zvakanakira zvakabatanidzwa:
- PAC inobvisa zvidimbu zvidiki
- PAM inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekusefa
Ine Sisitimu Yezvicherwa Zvakasanganiswa
Hunhu:
- Kuchaja kwepamusoro kwakaoma; Kupararira kwakasimba
Mienzaniso:
- Mvura yakasanganiswa yemhangura nesimbi; Mashizha esimbi akasiyana-siyana
Mhinduro:
- PAC (Polymerized Charge Environment); PAM (Polymerized Aggregator) kuti pave nekuunganidzwa kwemaumbirwo
Mhedziso
Kusarudza mhando yakakodzera yePAM yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumigodhi chisarudzo chehunyanzvi chinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwekurapa, mari yekushandisa, uye kutevedzera nharaunda. Kune akawanda mashandisirwo emvura yakasviba mumigodhi, anionic polyacrylamide ine huremu hwakawanda ndiyo inoramba iri sarudzo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshanda, asi sarudzo yakanakisisa inofanira kugara yakavakirwa pakuongorora kwerabhoritari uye kusimbiswa kwemunda.
Kana uri kusangana nematambudziko ekudzikira kwevhu zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, kana mamiriro emvura inoraswa mumigodhi akasiyana-siyana, uye uchitsvaga mutengesi wePAM akavimbika ane rutsigiro rwemhando yepamusoro uye rwehunyanzvi, Yuncang ndiyo sarudzo yako yakanakisisa.
Tinopa zvinopfuura makemikari chete; tinopa mhinduro dzekugadzirisa mvura dzakagadzirwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emvura yako chaiyo. Kunyangwe uchida kurapa tsvina yakawanda, mvura yakasviba ine huwandu hwakawanda hwetsvina, kana masisitimu ane pH inochinja-chinja zvakanyanya, timu yedu yehunyanzvi inogona kukurudzira mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvePAC nePAM, madhigirii, uye nzira dzekuyedza kuti ive nechokwadi chekukurumidzira kunyura kwetsvina, mvura yakachena, uye nzira dzakareruka dzekurasa tsvina dzinotevera.
Tiine ruzivo rwakagadzikana rwezvinhu zviripo uye tichiziva nezvezvigadzirwa zvine hunyanzvi, takazvipira kukubatsirai kuti muwane mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwemvura yakasviba nguva dzose uye yakavimbika, tichiona kuti chikamu chega chega chinosangana nezvinodiwa.
Taura nesu nhasi kuti uwane sampuro dzePAM dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba yemugodhi, mazano ekuyedza mabheki emahara, uye mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa iwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2026
