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makemikari ekurapa mvura

Kushandisa PDADMAC Kubvisa Turbidity uye Kuderedza Ruvara Mumvura Nekurapa Mvura Yakasviba

Kusviba kwemvura neruvara zviratidzo zvakakosha zvemhando yemvura, kunyanya mumaindasitiri nemakanzuru. Kusviba kwakanyanya, kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaoma zvakasungirirwa zvakaita sevhu, silt, nezvinhu zvakasikwa, kunoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuuraya utachiona, kunokurudzira kukura kwehutachiona, uye kunokanganisa maitiro ekurapa mvura. Saizvozvowo, mvura ine ruvara (inowanzokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakanyungudutswa, madhayi, kana mvura yakasviba yemumaindasitiri) haingokanganisi runako chete asi inogonawo kuratidza kuvapo kwezvinosvibisa zvinogona kukuvadza.

Maindasitiri akadai semachira, mapepa nedhishi, migodhi, uye kugadzira chikafu anogadzira mvura yakasviba ine matope akawanda uye ruvara rwakawanda. Kurapa mvura iyi yakasviba nemazvo kwakakosha kwete chete pakuzadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo asiwo pakuchengetedza nharaunda uye kushandisazve zviwanikwa. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) ipolymer inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukujekesa mvura uye ndeimwe yenzira dzemakemikari dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekubvisa matope neruvara.

Chii chinonzi PDADMAC?

Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) ipolymer yecationic inonyungudika mumvura inozivikanwa nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakanaka hwekutenderera, kuonda, uye kujekesa. Panyaya yemakemikari, PDADMAC ipolymer ine huremu hwakawanda ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuchaja, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kusangana zvakasimba nezvidimbu zvakachaja zvisina kunaka mumvura.

 

Hunhu hukuru hwePDADMAC hunosanganisira:

  • Kuwanda kwe cationic charge density: Inonyatsoita kuti zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa zvisina chaji uye ma colloids ashande zvakanaka.
  • Kunyungudika kwemvura: Inogona kushandiswa mukuchenesa mvura yakasviba yemumaguta nemaindasitiri pasina kugadzira marara asinganyungudike.
  • Kugadzikana kwekupisa uye makemikari: Inoshanda pamusoro pe pH yakakura uye mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari emvura.

PDADMAC inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mvura (emulsion kana solution) uye upfu hwakaoma, zvichipa hunyanzvi hwekushandisa uye kuichengeta zviri nyore. Kugona kwayo kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuchenesa mvura, kunyanya kubvisa marara uye kuderedza ruvara.

Maitiro ePDADMAC ekubvisa Turbidity

Nzira huru inoshandiswa nePDADMAC kubvisa turbidity ndeyekudzora charge. Zvidimbu zvakawanda mumvura, zvakaita sevhu, silt, kana organic colloids, zvine simba repamusoro. Macharge aya anogadzira simba rinodzinga pakati pezvikamu, zvichiita kuti zvirambe zvichipararira uye zvichidzivirira kudonha kwevhu.

 

Kana PDADMAC yawedzerwa:

  • Macheni epolymer ane chaji yakanaka anonamira pazvimedu zvine chaji yakaipa.
  • Izvi zvinoderedza simba repamusoro, zvichideredza kudzorwa kwemagetsi.
  • Zvidimbu izvi zvinoungana pamwe chete zvichibatanidzana kuti zvigadzire mafloki makuru, ayo ari nyore kugadzirisa kana kusefa..

 

Maitiro aya anoderedza kusviba kwemvura zvinobudirira, zvichikonzera mvura yakajeka yakakodzera kushandiswa mumabasa ekutevera akadai sekusefa, kubvisa utachiona, kana kushandisazve. Kushanda zvakanaka kwePDADMAC kunoenderana nematanho akadai sehuremu hwemamorekuru, huwandu hwechaji, chiyero, uye hunhu hwemhando yemvura, saka kuisa chiyero chakarurama kwakakosha kuti pave nekushanda zvakanaka.

PDADMAC Inokwanisa Sei Kubvisa Ruvara?

Ruvara rwemvura runowanzobva muzvinhu zvakanyungudutswa zve organic (DOM), madhayi, uye mvura yakasviba yemumaindasitiri. Kuvhuvhuta kunokonzerwa nezvimedu zvakanyungudutswa, nepo ruvara rwuri rudzi rwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa nezve colloidal.

PDADMAC inoderedza ruvara kuburikidza nenzira dzinotevera:

  • Kunyungudika: Mamorekuru ePDADMAC ane chaji yakanaka anokwezva mamorekuru ane mavara asina chaji yakanaka, zvichiita kuti pave nemaflocs anogona kubviswa ne sedimentation kana kusefa.
  • Kubatanidza uye Kuunganidza: Maketani epolymer anogona kubatanidza mamorekuru ane mavara akawanda, zvichiwedzera kushanda kwawo zvakanaka.
  • Kushanda pamwe chete nemamwe macoagulants: PDADMAC inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne alum, ferric chloride, kana polyaluminum chloride (PAC) kuvandudza kushanda kwekubvisa ruvara, kunyanya mumvura dzakaoma dzemaindasitiri dzine chroma yakawanda.

Basa rePDADMAC rine zvinhu zviviri—kubvisa marara neruvara—rinoita kuti ive sarudzo inofarirwa nemaindasitiri anoda kujeka uye kunaka kwemvura.

Kuenzanisa kwePolyDADMAC nedzimwe Coagulants neFlocculants

PDADMAC inowanzo enzaniswa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvakaita sealum (aluminium sulfate), ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), uye mapolymer asiri eionic kana anionic akadai sepolyacrylamide (PAM). Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunobatsira nyanzvi dzekuchenesa mvura kusarudza mhinduro inoshanda zvikuru yekubvisa marara neruvara.

PDADMAC inowanzo enzaniswa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvakaita sealum (aluminium sulfate), ferric chloride, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), uye mapolymer asiri eionic kana anionic akadai sepolyacrylamide (PAM). Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunobatsira nyanzvi dzekuchenesa mvura kusarudza mhinduro inoshanda zvikuru yekubvisa marara neruvara.

Munyu weAlum neIron:Aya ma coagulants asina kugadzirwa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuderedza kugadzikana kwezvikamu. Kunyange zvazvo achishanda zvakanaka pakubvisa matope, anowanzoda dosi yakawanda, anogadzira tsvina yakawanda, uye angasashanda zvakanaka pakubvisa ruvara.

Polyaluminum Chloride(PAC):Kana ichienzaniswa nealum, PAC inopa kukurumidza kuyerera kwemvura, zvinodiwa zvishoma pakuyera, uye kushanda zvakanaka. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yayo yekubvisa ruvara inowanzova mishoma, uye ine pH shoma yakakwana kuti ishande zvakanaka.

PAM (Polyacrylamide):Mapolima ePAM eanionic kana asiri ionic anonyanya kushandiswa semaflocculant ezvinhu zvakasungirirwa asi haashande zvakanyanya pakubvisa zvinhu zvinokonzera ruvara zvakanyungudutswa.

Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDADMAC):Kusiyana nezvinhu zviri pamusoro apa, PDADMAC inosanganisa huwandu hwakawanda hwe cationic charge pamwe nemhedzisiro yakasimba yekubatanidza, zvichikonzera kushanda zvakanaka mukubvisa turbidity uye kuderedza ruvara. Uyezve, inogadzira matope mashoma uye inoshanda pane pH yakakura, ichipa mukana wekushanda uye kuchengetedza mari.

 

Nekubatanidza PDADMAC mumabasa avo ekurapa, maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana anogona kuwana mvura yakajeka uku achideredza kushandiswa kwemakemikari uye mari yekurasa tsvina.

Maitiro Akajairika ePolyDADMAC

PolyDADMAC muKurapa Mvura Yakasviba yeManispa

Munzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yetsvina dzemumaguta, PDADMAC inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuvandudza kuchena kwemvura uye kuwedzera hutachiona hwemvura dziri pasi pemvura. Yakakodzera zvikuru kune:

  • Kubvisa zvidimbu zvecolloidal kubva mutsvina isina kucheneswa.
  • Kuderedza ruvara runokonzerwa ne humic ne fulvic acids mumvura iri pamusoro.
  • Kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa mvura mumafekitori ekuchenesa mvura yakasviba.

PolyDADMAC muIndasitiri Yekurapa Mvura Yakasviba

Maindasitiri anogadzira mvura ine tsvina yakawanda uye ine ruvara anowanzo shandisa PDADMAC sekemikari yekutanga kana yechipiri yekurapa:

  • Kudhaya uye kudhinda machira:Inobvisa zvinobudirira madhayi anochinja-chinja uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mitemo yekuburitsa tsvina inoenderana.
  • Pulp nepepa:Inoderedza kusviba kunokonzerwa neshinda dzakapfava uye ruvara rwunokonzerwa ne lignin compounds.
  • Chikafu nechinwiwa:Inojekesa mashandiro emvura, inoderedza ruvara, uye inovandudza mukana wekushandisazve mvura.
  • Kuchera nekugadzira simbi:Inobvisa zvidimbu zvitete, simbi dzinorema, uye ruvara rwakasara kubva mumvura yakasviba.
  • Kurasirwa kwemarara:Inovandudza kubviswa kwakasimba uye inoderedza kuchinja kwemavara kunokonzerwa nezvinosvibisa zvechisikigo.

Nekushandisa PDADMAC, maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana anogona kuzadzisa mitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza uku achiwana mvura yekushandisa zvakare kana kuiburitsa zvakachengeteka.

Chipimo chePDADMAC uye Nzira dzekushandisa

Kushanda kwePDADMAC kunoenderana nechiyero chakakodzera uye nzira yekushandisa. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisira:

  • Chipimo chemushonga:Zviyero zvakajairika zvekuchenesa mvura yakasviba yemumaguta i1–10 mg/L, uye zvekuchenesa mvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri, 5–50 mg/L. Chiyero chaicho chinoenderana nekusviba, ruvara, uye makemikari emvura. Kuongororwa kwechiyero chebhenji kunokurudzirwa kuti uone chiyero chakakodzera.
  • Kushandiswa:PDADMAC inogona kuwedzerwa kune influent semushonga wakasanganiswa nemvura usati wasanganiswa nemvura kana kuti zvakananga mutangi re flocculation.
  • Kusanganisa:Kusanganisa zvinyoro-nyoro uye nekukurumidza kunofanira kutanga kwaitwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti kupararira kwakaenzana, kwozoteverwa nekusanganisa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti maruva aumbe.
  • Nguva Yekutaura:Matanda anowanzo umbwa mukati memaminitsi gumi kusvika makumi maviri, zvichienderana nehunhu hwemvura uye hunhu hwepolymer.

Kugadzirisa ma parameter aya kwakakosha pakuwedzera kusviba uye kubviswa kwemavara ukuwo kuchideredza kushandiswa kwemakemikari.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda kwePolyDADMAC

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ePDADMAC mukurapa mvura:

  • pH yemvura:PDADMAC inoshanda zvakanaka pahuwandu hwepH (4–10), asi mamiriro eacidic kana alkaline zvakanyanya anogona kuderedza kushanda kwayo.
  • Tembiricha:Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukurumidzisa kuumbwa kwefloc, nepo mvura inotonhora zvikuru ingada nguva yakareba yekusanganisa.
  • Kuwanda Kwezvinhu Zvine Simba Zvakasungirirwa:Mazinga emvura yakasviba akawanda angada kuti pave nepolymer yakawanda.
  • Zviri Muzvinhu Zvisikwa Zvemuviri uye Ruvara:Mvura ine humic substances kana dhayi dzakawanda inogona kuda kurapwa kwekutanga kana kusanganiswa ne inorganic coagulants.
  • Kusanganisa Simba:Kusanganisa zvakanyanya kana kusakwana kunogona kukanganisa maflocs akagadzirwa, zvichideredza kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa madhaka.

Nekutarisa maparamita aya uye kugadzirisa mwero unoenderana nawo, vanorapa mvura vanogona kuwana mhedzisiro yekurapa nguva dzose.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kushanda kwePolyDADMAC

Mabhenefiti ekushandisa PDADMAC

PDADMAC ine mabhenefiti akawanda kana tichienzanisa nemakemikari echinyakare ekudzivirira mabhakitiriya nema "flocculants", zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inosarudzwa pakurapa mvura nemvura yakasviba:

  • Kushanda Nesimba Kwakanyanya: PDADMAC inokurumidza kubvisa marara uye inoderedza ruvara kunyangwe paine dose shoma, zvichiita kuti mari ideredzwe.
  • Inoshanduka-shanduka:Inoshanda zvakanaka pamhando dzakasiyana dzepH, yakakodzera kushandiswa mumakanzuru nemaindasitiri.
  • Huwandu hwetsvina hwakaderedzwa:Inogadzira tsvina shoma kana tichienzanisa ne inorganic coagulants, ichideredza mari yekurasa marara uye kukanganisa nharaunda.
  • Kubvisa Mvura Yakawanda yeMarara:Inovandudza kusimba kwetsvina, zvichiita kuti kurapwa nekuomesa zvive nyore.
  • Kuenderana:Inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinobatanidza mvura (zvakaita sePAC kana alum) kuti ivandudze zvirongwa zvakaoma zvekurapa mvura yakasviba.
  • Kushandisazve Mvura:Nekuvandudza kujeka uye kuderedza ruvara, mvura yakanatswa nePDADMAC inogona kushandiswazve mumaindasitiri kana kubudiswa zvakachengeteka, zvichitsigira zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza nharaunda.

Kuchengetedza uye Kuchengetedza kwePolyDADMAC

Kunyange zvazvo PDADMAC yakachengeteka kubata nayo, kutevedzera gwara rakakodzera kunovimbisa kugadzikana kwayo kwenguva refu uye kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda kwayo:

Kuchengetera:Chengeta PDADMAC munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma, kure nezuva rakananga uye tembiricha inotonhora. Mafuta emvura anofanira kuchengetwa mumidziyo inodzivirira ngura.

Hupenyu hweSherufu:Nguva yekushanda kwePDADMAC yemvura inowanzo kuve mwedzi 12-24; PDADMAC yeupfu inogara kwenguva refu kana ikaramba yakaoma.

Kubata:Pfeka magirovhosi uye dziviriro yemaziso paunenge uchibata mishonga yakasimba kudzivirira kutsamwa kweganda kana maziso.

Kurasa:Rasa polymer isina kushandiswa uye tsvina inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzirisa zvinhu zvichienderana nemitemo yenharaunda.

Nzira dzakakodzera dzekubata nekuchengetedza dzinochengetedza kushanda kwepolymer uye dzinoita kuti vashandisi vashandise zvakachengeteka.

Maitiro Ekusarudza Mutengesi Akavimbika wePDADMAC

Kune maindasitiri anovimba ne polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) kuti abvise marara uye ruvara, kusarudza mutengesi akavimbika kwakakosha. Zvinhu zvikuru zvekufunga nezvazvo zvinosanganisira:

Ruzivo muKugadzira:Vatengesi vane ruzivo rwemakumi emakore vanogona kupa rutsigiro rwemhando yepamusoro uye rwehunyanzvi nguva dzose.

Zvigadzirwa Zvinogoneka Kugadziriswa:Inopa huremu hwakasiyana hwemamorekuru, huwandu hwechaji, uye kurongedza zvinoenderana nemashandisirwo chaiwo.

Rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi:Rubatsiro pakugadzirisa dosage, kuyedzwa kwezvirongo, uye gwara rekushandisa.

Kugadzikana Kwekupa:Kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nenguva kuti pasave nekukanganiswa kwemabasa.

Zvitupa uye Kutevedzera Mutemo:ISO, REACH, kana mvumo yemutemo yemunharaunda inosimbisa hunhu hwechigadzirwa uye mwero wekuchengetedza.

Kushanda pamwe chete nemunhu akavimbikaMutengesi wePolyDADMAC inoita kuti mashandiro ashande zvakanaka, mari ishande zvakanaka, uye kutevedzera mitemo.

PDADMAC ipolymer inoshanda zvikuru yecationic inoita basa guru mukubvisa matope uye kuderedza ruvara mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemvura nemvura yakasviba. Kushanda kwayo zvakanyanya, kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, uye kuenderana kwayo nezvimwe zvinobatanidza mvura zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakodzera yekurapa mvura yemumaguta neyemaindasitiri. Kune maindasitiri ari kutsvaga mvura yakachena, isina ruvara uye manejimendi etsvina akagadziridzwa, PDADMAC inopa mabhenefiti ekushanda uye ehupfumi. Kusarudza mutengesi akavimbika ane hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi kunovimbisa kushanda kwakaringana, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kugara kwenguva refu.

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    • Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-03-2026

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