Kusiyana uye kushandiswa kwe cationic, anionic uye nonionic PAM?

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ipolymer inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa mvura, kugadzira mapepa, kubvisa mafuta uye mamwe minda. Zvinoenderana neiyo ionic zvimiro, PAM yakakamurwa kuita matatu makuru marudzi: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) uye nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Aya marudzi matatu ane misiyano yakakura muchimiro, basa uye kushandisa.

1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)

Chimiro uye zvivakwa:

Cationic PAM: Iyo mutsara wepolymer musanganiswa. Nekuti ine akasiyana siyana anoshanda mapoka, inogona kuumba hydrogen zvisungo nezvinhu zvakawanda uye kunyanya flocculate zvakaipa chaji colloids. Inokodzera kushandiswa mumamiriro ane acidic

Application:

- Kugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina: CPAM inowanzoshandiswa kurapa tsvina yakaipa yemvura, yakadai sesuwaji yemaguta, kushandiswa kwekudya kwemvura yakasvibiswa, etc. Positive charges inogona kusanganiswa neipi yakashata yakamiswa zvidimbu kuti iite flocs, nekudaro ichikurudzira kuparadzaniswa kwakasimba-mvura.

- Pepa indasitiri: Mukugadzira mapepa, CPAM inogona kushandiswa seanosimbisa ajenti uye inochengetedza mumiriri kuvandudza simba uye chiyero chekuchengetedza bepa.

-Kubviswa kwemafuta: Muminda yemafuta, CPAM inoshandiswa kurapa madhaka ekuchera kuderedza kusefa uye kukobvu.

2. Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)

Chimiro uye zvivakwa:

Anionic PAM i polymer inonyungudika mumvura. Nekuunza aya mapoka eanionic pamusana wepolymer, APAM inogona kuita nezvinhu zvinochajiswa zvakanaka. Inonyanya kushandiswa flocculation, sedimentation uye kujekeswa kwakasiyana maindasitiri tsvina. Inokodzera kushandiswa mumamiriro e alkaline.

Application:

- Kurapa kwemvura: APAM inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumvura yekunwa uye maindasitiri emarara emarara. Inogona kudzikamisa zvimedu zvakamiswa kuburikidza nemagetsi neutralization kana adsorption, nekudaro ichivandudza kujeka kwemvura.

- Pepa indasitiri: Sekuchengetedza uye kusefa rubatsiro, APAM inogona kugadzirisa mvura kusefa kuita kwe pulp uye kusimba kwepepa.

-Migodhi uye Ore Kupfeka: Munguva yekuyangarara uye sedimentation yeore, APAM inogona kusimudzira sedimentation yezvimedu zveore uye kuvandudza mwero wekudzoreredza ore.

- Kuvandudza Ivhu: APAM inogona kuvandudza chimiro chevhu, kuderedza kukukurwa kwevhu, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima nekurima.

3. Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)

Chimiro neZvinhu:

Nonionic PAM ndeyepamusoro molecular polymer kana polyelectrolyte ine humwe huwandu hwepolar genes mucheni yayo yemamorekuru. Inogona adsorb yakasimba zvimedu zvakaturikwa mumvura uye bhiriji pakati pezvimedu kuti zvigadzire ma floccules makuru, mhanyisa sedimentation yezvimedu mukumiswa, kukurumidza kujekeswa kwemhinduro, uye kukurudzira kusefa. Haina mapoka anochajiswa uye inonyanya kuumbwa nemapoka emamide. Ichi chimiro chinoita kuti chiratidze kunaka kunyungudika uye kugadzikana pasi pezvakarerekera uye zvisina kusimba acidic mamiriro. Nonionic PAM ine hunhu hwehuremu hwemamorekuru uye haina kukanganiswa zvakanyanya ne pH kukosha.

Application:

- Kurapa Kwemvura: NPAM inogona kushandiswa kurapa yakaderera turbidity, yakanyanya kuchena mvura, senge mvura yemumba uye yekunwa mvura. Kubatsira kwaro ndekwekuti ine simba rinochinjika kune shanduko mumhando yemvura uye pH.

-Indasitiri yeMachira uye yekudhaya: Mukugadzira machira, NPAM inoshandiswa seyakakora uye inogadzika kuvandudza kunamatira kwedhayi uye kudhaya kufanana.

-Indasitiri yeMetallurgical: NPAM inoshandiswa semafuta uye inotonhorera mukugadzirisa simbi kuderedza kukweshera uye kunatsiridza mashandiro ekugadzirisa.

- Zvekurima uye horticulture: Seinonyorovesa ivhu, NPAM inogona kuvandudza simba rekuchengetedza mvura yevhu uye kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa.

Cationic, anionic uye nonionic polyacrylamide ine minda yekushandiswa yakasiyana nemhedzisiro nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemakemikari uye maitiro ekuchaja. Kunzwisisa uye kusarudza zvakakodzeraPAMmhando inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzirisa kushanda uye mhedzisiro kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemaindasitiri akasiyana.