Mvura yagara iri imwe yezvinhu zvinokosha pasi rose. Nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta, kuchengetedzeka kwemvura, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemishonga zviri kuva nyaya huru pasi rose. Munzvimbo dzemvura dzemakanzuru nedzemaindasitiri, mitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza, mitengo yekushanda iri kukwira, uye ruzivo rweveruzhinji rwuri kukura zviri kuchinja patsva mashandisirwo emvura, mashandisirwo ayo, mashandisirwo ayo, uye mashandisirwo ayo.
Panosvika gore ra2026, indasitiri yepasi rose yekuchenesa mvura mumaindasitiri nemakanzuru icharamba ichifambira mberi ichienda pakushanda zvakanaka, kugara kwenguva refu, kuchengetedzeka kwakawedzerwa, uye kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji kwakangwara. Kune vagadziri, vagovanisi, nevanoita mapurojekiti anobatanidzwa mumakemikari ekurapa mvura, mishonga inouraya utachiona, mishonga inoputira mvura, uye mhinduro dzekurapa dzakabatanidzwa, kunzwisisa mafambiro aya eramangwana kwakakosha pakuronga zvine hungwaru uye kuisa musika panzvimbo.
Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mafambiro makuru ekugadzirisa mvura mumaindasitiri nemakanzuru ekutarisira muna 2026, chichiratidza mafambiro emusika, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, shanduko dzemitemo, uye zvadzinoreva kune vagadziri, vagovanisi, makambani einjiniya, nevashandisi vekupedzisira.
Vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri pasi rose vanogara munzvimbo dzisina mvura yakawanda, uye nhamba iyi iri kuramba ichikwira. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, kurima, uye kukura kwemaguta zvese zvinoda mvura yakachena uye yakachengeteka yakawanda. Sezvo mvura yakachena iri kuramba ichioma, kudzokorodza nekugadzirisa mvura yakasviba hazvichave zvekusarudza asi zvava chinhu chakakosha.
Mitemo Yakaomesesa Yezvakatipoteredza
Hurumende pasi rose dziri kusimbisa miganhu yekuburitsa utsi hwemhepo kune zvinotevera:
- Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa
- Simbi dzinorema
- Phosphorus nenitrogen
- Zvinosvibisa zvipenyu
- Microplastics
- Utachiona
Izvi zvinotungamira zvakananga kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekurapa, masisitimu ekusefa, uye matekinoroji ekutarisa.
Kuvandudzwa kweMaindasitiri neZvivakwa
Semuenzaniso, mumaindasitiri anotevera:
- Makemikoro ePetrokemikari
- Migodhi
- Pulp nepepa
- Kugadzira chikafu
- Machira
- Kugadzira zvemagetsi
Masangano ese aya ari kuvandudza masisitimu avo emvura kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza njodzi, uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zveESG.
Zvichakadaro, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura dzemakanzuru dziri kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvekare kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka.
Nzira Yekutanga 1: Kudiwa Kwakasimba Kwemakemikari Anosunga Matanda Uye Anosanganisa Matanda
Kubatanidza mvura nekubatana kwemvura kunoramba kuri chinhu chikuru mukugadzirisa mvura. Musika weindasitiri wezvinhu zvinosanganisa mvura nekubatanidza mvura ucharamba uchikura muna 2026, kunyanya muAsia, Latin America, neMiddle East.
Makemikari anozivikanwa anotungamira kukura uku anosanganisira:
- Polyaluminum chloride(PAC)
- Polyacrylamide(PAM)
- Polyamines(PA)
- Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PolyDADMAC
- Ferric chloride
Makemikoro aya anobatsira kubvisa:
- Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa
- Mafuta
- Madhaka
- Simbi dzinorema
- Zvinhu zvepanyama
Sei kudiwa kuri kukura?
- Mitemo yepamusoro yekuburitsa utsi
- Mamwe masisitimu ekudzokorodza mvura yakasviba
- Kuwedzera kwemaindasitiri
- Kushanda zvakanaka pamutengo
- Huremu hwetsvina hwakaderera zvichienzaniswa nehwema alum yechinyakare.
PAC nePAM dzinoramba dziri kutungamira pamusika
PAC (polyaluminum chloride) inoramba ichitungamira mukugadzirisa nekucheneswa kwemvura yekunwa uye yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba nekuda kwe:
- Kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira ropa
- Kuchinjika kwepH yakakura
- Kushanda nekukurumidza kugadzirisa
- Mutengo wemakwikwi
Polyacrylamide, kunyanya anionic uye cationic polyacrylamide, inoita basa guru mukubviswa kwemvura kubva mumatope, kupatsanurwa kwemvura yakasimba, uye maitiro ekudonha kwemvura.
Nzira Yechipiri Yekuita: Mhinduro Dzepamusoro Dzekuoxidation uye Kuuraya Mabhakitiriya
Zvirwere zvinotapukira uye zvinhu zvinosvibisa, zvakaita semishonga nemakemikari emuchadenga, zvinoda matekinoroji epamusoro ekurapa.
Nzvimbo huru dzekukura dzinosanganisira:
- Mishonga yekuuraya utachiona inobva muchlorine (semuenzaniso, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, nezvimwewo)
- Asidhi yePeracetic
- Kurapa kweOzone
- Kuchenesa utachiona hweUltraviolet (UV)
- Maitiro epamusoro ekuoxidation (AOPs)
Zvikuru sei, masisitimu emvura emakanzuru, anovimba nemishonga inouraya utachiona yakasimba uye yakavimbika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mvura yekunwa yakachengeteka.
Nei maitiro aya achikosha:
- Dziviriro yehutano hweveruzhinji
- Kutapurirana kwezvirwere kwakaderera
- Kutevedzera nhungamiro dzeWHO
- Kugoverwa kwakachengeteka muma network emapaipi
Pakushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, kudzora mabhakitiriya mumidziyo inotonhodza, mvura inogadzirwa, uye mvura yakasviba kuchiri kukosha kudzivirira ngura, kukura, uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
Nzira Yechitatu Inokosha: Kukura Kwakasimba Mukushandiswazve Kwemvura Uye Kudzokorodza
Panosvika gore ra2026, hapana masisitimu ekuburitsa mvura (ZLD) uye nzvimbo dzinoshandisa mvura zvakare zvichawedzera simba.
Makambani anoshandisa nzira yekushandiswazve kwemvura anosanganisira:
- Kugadzira magetsi
- Migodhi
- Masekendakita
- Kunatsiridza
- Chikafu nechinwiwa
- Mishonga
Zvinokonzera kuwedzera:
- Kukwira kwemitengo yemvura
- Mutoro wekuchengetedza nharaunda
- Zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza maindasitiri
- Miganhu yemutemo yekuburitsa hutsi
Kusungana kwemvura, kupwanyika kwemvura, kusefa membrane, uye makemikari ekuuraya utachiona zvese zvine basa guru muhurongwa uhwu.
Nzira Yechikuru 4: Zvakatipoteredza, Zvemagariro, uye Hutungamiriri (ESG), Kugara Zvichienderera Mberi, uye Green Chemistry
Mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, magariro evanhu, uye hutongi (ESG) iri kukanganisa sarudzo dzekutenga nekudyara mari pasi rose.
Makambani anoda zvakawanda:
- Makemikari asina chepfu yakawanda
- Mhinduro dzinoora
- Kuderedzwa kwekabhoni
- Kurongedza kwakachengeteka
- Maketani ezvekushandisa anoteverwa
Panosvika gore ra2026, vagadziri vanopa mishonga yekurapa mvura yakavimbika uye ine zvitupa vachave nemukana wakakura wekukwikwidza.
Nzira Yekutanga 5: Kutarisa Kuchengetedzeka Kwemvura Inonwiwa uye Hutano Hweveruzhinji
Mvura yekunwa yakachena ichiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosheswa pasi rose.
Mafekitori ekuchenesa mvura yetsvina emakanzuru anonyanya kutarisa pane zvinotevera:
- Kudzora utachiona
- Kuderedza kusviba
- Kubvisa simbi dzinorema
- Kuvandudza kuravira nekunhuhwirira
- Kudzivirira ngura yepombi
Kudiwa kwemacoagulants, mishonga yekuuraya utachiona, uye makemikari anodzivirira ngura anotarisirwa kuramba achikura.
Mashandisirwo Emaindasitiri Achawedzera muna 2026
Maindasitiri makuru anotsigira kugadziriswa kwemvura anosanganisira:
- Oiri negesi
- Kugadzira magetsi
- Simbi
- Kugadziriswa kwemakemikari
- Pulp nepepa
- Dehwe
- Kugadzira machira
- Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi
- Indasitiri yezvekudya
- Mishonga, nezvimwewo.
Indasitiri yega yega inoda makemikari chaiwo, magwaro ekutevedzera mitemo, uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi, zvichigadzira mikana yakakura kune vatengesi vane hunyanzvi.
Basa reVatengesi veMakemikoro Vakavimbika muna 2026
Sezvo masisitimu achiramba achioma, vatengi vanoda zvinopfuura zvigadzirwa chete. Vanoda vadyidzani vanogona kupa masevhisi anotevera:
- Kuwanikwa kwakagadzikana, kwemhando yepamusoro
- Kutungamirirwa kwehunyanzvi
- Rutsigiro rwemitemo
- Mhinduro dzakagadziriswa
- Kugona kwekuongorora murabhoritari
- Mitengo yemakwikwi
- Kudyidzana kwenguva refu
Kubatanidza majekiseni, kusanganisa majekiseni, kubvisa utachiona, uye matekinoroji ekurapa epamusoro zvicharamba zviri pakati peindasitiri. Vagadziri vane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekugadzira, ruzivo rwekutumira kunze kwenyika, uye zvitupa zvepasi rose vachave nemukana mukuru wekubudirira mumusika uyu uri kukura. Makambani anogona kusanganisa makemikari emhando yepamusoro, hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, uye rutsigiro rwekutakura zvinhu rwakavimbika achava vatungamiriri muindasitiri mumakore anotevera.
Kurapa mvura hakusi kungoitika mumaindasitiri chete; ihwaro hwakakosha hwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, budiriro yemaindasitiri, uye hutano hwevanhu. Tichitarisa mberi kusvika mugore ra2026, kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemhinduro dzekurapa mvura dzakavimbika, dzinoshanda, uye dzinogara kwenguva refu kucharamba kuchikura.
Makambani anonzwisisa mafambiro emusika uye anoshandisa matekinoroji epamusoro achava munzvimbo yakanakisisa yekushandisa mikana iri muzvikamu zvemaindasitiri nemaguta.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-13-2026
