Maindasitiri emvura kurapwa kwemvura uye makemikari ekushandisa
Kumashure
Nekusimudzira nekukurumidza kwekushanda, iko kukosha kwemvura mukugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemaindasitiri kuri kuwedzera kuoneka. Kubata kwemvura kwemvura hakusi kungori chinongedzo chakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambira mberi chaiko kwechiitiko ichi, asi zvakare chiyero chakakosha kusangana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye inovandudza zvinyorwa zvinodiwa.
Mvura Kurapa Type
| Mvura Kurapa Type | Chinangwa chikuru | Zvinhu zvikuru zvekurapa | Maincess maitiro. |
| Rai mvura yekunyepedzera | Sangana nezvinodiwa zvemvura yemumba kana yeindasitiri | Natural mvura mvura mvura | Filtoration, sedimentation, coaglation. |
| Process yemvura kurapwa | Sangana chaizvo maitiro ekugadzirisa | Maindasitiri emvura | Kupfava, kusuwa, deoxygenation. |
| Kutenderera kutonhora kwemvura kurapwa | Ita shuwa iyo yakajairika kushanda kwemidziyo | Kutenderera mvura inotonhora | Kurapwa kurapwa. |
| Kurapwa kwemvura | Chengetedza zvakatipoteredza | Industrial Water | Mumuviri, kurapwa kwemakemikari. |
| Kurapwa kwemvura kwakadzokororwa | Kuderedza mvura nyowani yemvura | Yakashandiswa mvura | Zvakafanana nekurwa kwakarambana. |
Inowanzoshandiswa kwemvura kurapwa kwemakemikari
| Chikamu | Inowanzo shandiswa makemikari | Basa |
| Fungidzira mumiririri | Pac, Pam, Pddmac, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nezvimwe. | Bvisa yakamiswa solids uye organic zvinhu |
| Disinfectants | senge tcca, sdic, ozone, chlorine dioxide, calcium hypochlorite, etc | Inouraya hutachiona mumvura (senge mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, fungi uye protozoa) |
| Ph Addjuster | Aminosulfonic acid, naoh, lime, sarufac acid, nezvimwe. | Regedza mvura Ph |
| Metal ion inodurura | Edta, Ion exchange resin | Bvisa zvinorema simbi ion (sedare, mhangura, kutungamira, Cadmium, mercury, nickel, nezvimwewo) uye zvimwe zvinosemesa simbi mumvura |
| BASA ISHBITOR | Orgothosphates, orgophophororous Carboxylic Acids | Dzivirira kuumbwa kuumbwa necalcium uye maganium Ions. Zvakare ine mimwe mhedzisiro yekubvisa simbi ion |
| Deoxidizer | Sodium Sulfite, Hydrazine, nezvimwe. | Bvisa yakadzikira oxygen yekudzivirira oxygen corrosion |
| Kuchenesa mumiririri | Citric acid, sulfutic acid, aminosulfonic acid | Bvisa chiyero uye kusachena |
| Oxidants | ozone, kupfupikisa, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, nezvimwe. | Kushungurudzika, kubviswa kwesollutants uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando yemvura, nezvimwe. |
| Vanyoro | senge lime uye sodium carbonate. | Inobvisa kuomarara ions (calcium, magnesium ions) uye inoderedza njodzi yekuumbwa kwehuremu |
| Defoamers/Antifoam | Kudzvinyirira kana kubvisa foam | |
| Kubviswa | Calcium hypochlorite | Bvisa NH₃-n kubva kumarara kuti iite kuti isangoshandise discharge zviyero |
Tinogona Kugovera:
Kurapa kwemvura kwemvura kunoreva maitiro ekurapa mvura yemuindasitiri nemvura yayo yekubvisa kuburikidza nemuviri, makemikari, biological nedzimwe nzira. Kubata kwemvura kwemvura ndeyechikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye kukosha kwayo kunoratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu:
1.1 Ita shuwa mhando yemhando
Bvisa kusvibiswa mumvura senge simbi ion, yakamiswa solids, nezvimwewo kuti usangane zvinoda kugadzirwa uye kuve nechokwadi chechigadzirwa mhando.
Inhibit Corrosion: Yakanyungudutswa oxygen, kabhoni dixide, etc. mumvura inogona kukonzera kuora kwemidziyo yesimbi uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwemidziyo.
Kudzora Mikanaorganisms: Mutyairi, Algae uye mamwe mikana yehutachiona mumvura inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechigadzirwa, kubata zvigadzirwa zvemhando yechigadzirwa uye kuchengeteka kwehutano.
1.2 Kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira
Deredza Downtime: Kurapwa kwemvura nguva dzose kunogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira zvishandiso zvine mutsindo uye kuderedza kuwanda kwemidziyo uye kutsiva, uye nekudaro kugadzirisa kugona kwekugadzira.
Gadzira mamiriro ekuita mamiriro: Kuburikidza nemvura kurapwa, mhando yemvura inosangana nezvinodiwa zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwekugadziriswa kwekugadzira maitiro.
1.3 kuderedza mari yekugadzira
Sevha Energy: Kuburikidza nemvura kurapwa, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yemidziyo kunogona kuderedzwa uye mari yekugadzira inogona kuponeswa.
Dzivirira Kurova: Zvakaoma ions seCalcium uye Magnesium Ions Mune Mvura ichaumba chiyero, kuomerera kune iyo midziyo, kuderedza kupisa kunobatsira.
Wedzera Equipment Hupenyu: Deredza zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa uye kuyora, wedzera hupenyu hwebasa rebasa, uye kuderedza midziyo yekudzora mari.
Deredza Kudhirowa Kwemidziyo: Kuburikidza nemvura kurapwa, kutambisa kwemukati kunogona kuderedzwa uye mari yekugadzira kunogona kuderedzwa.
Kuderedza zvishandiso zvekushandisa: Kuburikidza nemvura, izvo zvinosara zvisina mwero mumvura mumvura zvinogona kudzoswa uye kudzoserwa mukugadzirwa, nekudaro vachidzora marara emidziyo uye inodzora mari yekugadzira.
1.4 Dzivirira nharaunda
Deredza kusvibiswa kwepfungwa: Mushure mekunge maindasitiri emasisitiri anorapwa, kusunganidzwa kwekusvibisa kusvibiswa kunogona kudzikiswa uye nharaunda yemvura inogona kuchengetedzwa.
Ziva kudzokorodza kwemvura zviwanikwa: kuburikidza nekubatwa kwemvura, mvura yemaindasitiri inogona kugadziriswazve uye kutsamira pazvinhu zvitsva zvemvura zvinogona kuderedzwa.
1.5 inoenderana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza
Sangana neMassion: Maindasitiri marara anofanirwa kusangana nenzvimbo dzenyika uye dzemunharaunda, uye kurapwa kwemvura inzira yakakosha kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.
Mukupfupikisa, kurapwa kwemvura kwemvura hakuite chete kune zvigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa uye kugona kwekugadzira, asi zvakare kune zvakanaka zvehupfumi uye kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabhizinesi. Kuburikidza nemvura yesainzi uye inonzwisisika yekurapa, kushandiswa kwakakwana kwemidziyo yemvura kunogona kuwanikwa uye kusimudzira kwekusimudzira kweindasitiri kunogona kukurudzirwa.
Kurapa kwemvura kwemaindasitiri kunofukidza minda yakawanda, kusanganisira simba, metaceuceuducal, metallurgy, etc.
2.1 Influxent Kurapa (Raw mvura yekunyepedzera)
Kurapa kwemvura kwemvura mumaindasitiri emvura kunonyanya kusanganisira firtration yekare, coaglation, sedimentation, kusatariswa, kupfava, simbi ion inobvisa uye yekupedzisira filtation. Kosi inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inosanganisira:
Anofamba-famba uye akadai sePac, Pam, Pdamac, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nezvimwe.
Softeners: senge lime uye sodium carbonate.
Èdisininchants: senge tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, nezvimwe.
PH anochinja: akadai saAminosulfonic acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Lime, SulFuric Acid, etc.
meta ion inodurura, ion exchange resin etc.,
scale Inhibitor: Orgothosphates, orgophophororous Carboxylic Acids, nezvimwezvi
adsorbents: yakadai seyakagadziriswa kabhoni, yakagadziriswa Alumina, nezvimwe.
Iko kusanganisa uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari aya kunogona kubatsira kurapwa kwemvura yemuindasitiri kuti abvise zvakanyatsoiswa nyaya, microorganis emvura, gadziriro yemvura inosangana nezvido zvekugadzira, uye kuderedza mutoro wekurapwa kwakatevera.
2.2 process yemvura kurapwa
Danho rekurapwa kwemvura mumuindasitiri emvura kurapwa zvakanyanya kunonyanya kusanganisira kunyepedzera, kupfava, deoxidation, Deoxidation, Dedenga uye kusuwa, kusuwa, kusuwa. Nhanho yega yega inoda makemikari akasiyana kuti uwedzere kunaka kwemvura uye uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwemidziyo dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri. Chemicals yakajairika inosanganisira:
| Coagulants uye flyculants: | senge pac, pam, pdmac, polungu, aluminium sulfate, nezvimwe. |
| Softeners: | senge lime uye sodium carbonate. |
| Disinfectants: | senge tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, nezvimwe. |
| ph aformers: | senge aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sarufac acid, nezvimwe. |
| Metal ion inodurura: | Edta, Ion exchange resin |
| BASA INHIBISTOR: | orgothesphates, orgophophororous Carboxylic Acids, nezvimwe. |
| Adsorbents: | senge carbon yakagadziriswa, yakagadziriswa Alumina, nezvimwe. |
Aya makemikari anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana nemvura kuburikidza nemvura dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa maitiro, simbisa kuti mhando yemvura inosangana nezviyero zvekugadzira, kuderedza njodzi yekukuvara kwemidziyo, uye kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzira.
2.3 kutenderera kutonhora kwemvura kurapwa
Kutenderera kutonhora kwemvura chikamu chakakosha pakurapwa kwemvura kwemvura, kunyanya munzvimbo zhinji dzekushanda (dzakadai semagetsi, etc.), uko kudzora masisitiri emvura kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemidziyo inotonhorera uye maitiro. Kutenderera kunotonhora kwemvura masisitimu anokanganiswa nehuremu, Corrosion, kukura kwezvinhu zvechero uye zvimwe zvinetso nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura yavo uye kutenderera kwemvura. Naizvozvo, nzira dzekurapa dzemvura dzinofanira kushandiswa kudzora matambudziko aya uye uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakasimba kwehurongwa.
Kutenderera kutonhora kwemvura kurapwa kunovavarira kudzivirira kuyerera, kuraswa uye kusvibiswa kwezvinhu muhurongwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekubata kwekudzora. Tarisa ma parameter makuru mumvura inotonhorera (senge pH, kuomarara, kuomarara, kwakanyungudika oxygen, microorganisms, etc.) uye ongorora matambudziko emvura ekurapa.
| Coagulants uye flyculants: | senge pac, pam, pdmac, polungu, aluminium sulfate, nezvimwe. |
| Softeners: | senge lime uye sodium carbonate. |
| Disinfectants: | senge tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, nezvimwe. |
| ph aformers: | senge aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sarufac acid, nezvimwe. |
| Metal ion inodurura: | Edta, Ion exchange resin |
| BASA INHIBISTOR: | orgothesphates, orgophophororous Carboxylic Acids, nezvimwe. |
| Adsorbents: | senge carbon yakagadziriswa, yakagadziriswa Alumina, nezvimwe. |
Aya makemikari uye nzira dzekurapa dzinobatsira kudzivirira kuyerera, kusvibiswa, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwenguva refu kwemvura inotonhorera, kuderedza kukuvara kwemidziyo uye nekuvandudza kushanda kwesystem.
2,4 marara ekurapa
Maitiro ekurapa kwemaindasitiri anogona kukamurwa mumatanho akawanda zvichienderana nehunhu hwemasere uye hurefu hwekurapa, kurapwa uye nekuwirwa uye kushungurudzika, kurapwa kwemvura uye kudzoreredza mvura. Imwe neimwe yekubatanidza inoda mikmikari yakasiyana yekushanda pamwe chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekubudirira uye kunyatsojeka kwekurapa kwekurapa maitiro.
Kurapa kwemaindasitiri kwakakamurwa kuita nzira nhatu huru: zvemuviri, makemikari uye biological, kuitira kuti usangane nhungamiro uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nzira yemuviri:Sedimentation, Filtration, Flotation, nezvimwe.
Nzira yemakemikari:Kusarerekera, Redox, Kemical Wake.
Nzira yeBiological:Activated SLUDGE nzira, membrane bioreactor (mbr), nezvimwe.
Chemicals yakajairika inosanganisira:
| Coagulants uye flyculants: | senge pac, pam, pdmac, polungu, aluminium sulfate, nezvimwe. |
| Softeners: | senge lime uye sodium carbonate. |
| Disinfectants: | senge tcca, sdic, calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, nezvimwe. |
| ph aformers: | senge aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sarufac acid, nezvimwe. |
| Metal ion inodurura: | Edta, Ion exchange resin |
| BASA INHIBISTOR: | orgothesphates, orgophophororous Carboxylic Acids, nezvimwe. |
| Adsorbents: | senge carbon yakagadziriswa, yakagadziriswa Alumina, nezvimwe. |
Kuburikidza nekushandisa kwakanaka kwemakemikari aya, maindasitiri emvura anogona kurapwa uye kuiswa mukuteerera zviyero, uye kunyange kushandiswazve, kubatsira kudzikisira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusvibiswa kwemamiriro ekunze.
2.5 yakagadzirwazve mvura kurapwa
Kugadziriswazve kwemvura kurapwa kwemvura kunoreva kune imwe mvura manejimendi maitiro ayo anoshandisa mashandiro emvura marara mushure mekurapwa. Nekuwedzera kushomeka kwemvura zviwanikwa, minda yakawanda yeindasitiri yakatora nzira dzekurapa dzemvura, dzisingachengetwe zviwanikwa zvemvura, asi zvakare dzinoderedza mutengo wekurapa uye kuraswa. Kiyi yekudzoreredzwa kwemvura kurapwa kwemvura ndeyekubvisa polutants mumarara kuitira kuti mhando yemvura inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvekare, izvo zvinoda kunyatsogadzirisa uye tekinoroji.
Maitiro ekudzoreredzwa kwemvura kurapwa kwemvura anonyanya kusanganisira nzira dzinotevera dzinokosha:
Kukundikana:bvisa zvidimbu zvakakura zvekusvibiswa uye mafuta, uchishandisa Pac, PAM, nezvimwe.
ph kugadzirisa:RERA ART, inowanzo shandiswa makemikari inosanganisira sodium hydroxide, sulfutic acid, calcium hydroxide, nezvimwe.
Kubata Biological:Bvisa organic zvinhu, tsigira microbial degradation, shandisa amonium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, nezvimwe.
Kurapwa kwemakemikari:oxidative kubviswa kweiyo organic zvinhu uye simbi inorema, inowanzo shandiswa ozone, kupfugama, sodium sulfide, etc.
Membrane Kupatsanurwa:Shandisa reverse osmosis, Nanefiltration, uye Ultrafiltration tekinoroji kubvisa zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa uye uve nechokwadi chemhando yemvura.
Kukundwa:bvisa microorganisms, shandisa chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorite, nezvimwey.
Kuongorora uye kugadzirisa:Ita shuwa kuti mvura yakashanda inoshandiswazve inosangana nezviyero uye shandisa madzinza uye kuongorora michina yekugadzirisa.
Defoamers:Vanodzvinyirira kana kubvisa foam nekudzora nzvimbo yekunhuhwirira kwemvura uye kuparadza kugadzikana kwehuputi. (Chiitiko Chekushandisa cheDefoamers: Biological Kurapa Systems, Chemical Trustrater Kurapa, Mishonga Yekurapa Kwemarara Kurapa, Kurapa Kwekudya Kwekudya, Pepa rePaper Mark kurapwa, nezvimwewo)
Calcium Hypochlorite:Ivo vanobvisa polutants vakadai saAmoni Nitrogen
Kushandiswa kwezviitiko izvi uye makemikari anovimbisa kuti mhando yeiyo yakabatwa marara inosangana nemitemo yekushandisa, ichibvumira kuti ishandiswe zvakabudirira mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.
Kurapa kwemvura kwemvura chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri emazuva ano. Maitiro ayo uye sarudzo yemakemikari inoda kuve yakagadzirirwa maererano nezvakananga maitiro. Iko kushandisirwa kwemakemikari hakugone kungogadzirisa kurapwa, asi zvakare kuderedza mitengo uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo. Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye nekuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza, kurapwa kwemvura yemagashinecha kuchaita kuti vanhu vakangwara uye vakasvibira.